Rubicon Technology, Inc. is an American company specializing in sapphire crystal growth technology and large-diameter sapphire based on improved Kyropoulos technology called ES2. Improvements to the Kyropoulos technology were developed in its Illinois-based crystal growth facilities. The company has been producing the industry's first 12-inch sapphire wafer since 2010. It has shipped millions of wafers and core products in sizes from 2" to 12" since 2001. The company's products have been used in the LED industry and for the production of silicon on sapphire wafers for integrated circuits, as well as on high-quality optical and industrial applications for high-performance sapphire. Wikipedia